Islamic Education in the Timeline: Transformation of Islamic Religious Education Material through Social Media

The development of social media has significantly transformed the delivery of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials. Social media operates as an interactive and algorithm-driven digital environment that enables rapid distribution, reinterpretation, and user-generated reproduction of religious content through short-form and participatory formats. This study aims to analyze how PAI materials are transformed within social media timelines. It employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review of 45 scholarly sources drawn from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Garuda. The selected studies include qualitative, conceptual, and empirical research focusing on Islamic education in digital contexts, particularly in Indonesia, published between 2018 and 2024. The findings show that PAI materials have become more concise, visual, and context-oriented, adapting to digital consumption patterns. Social media also shifts production patterns from institution-centered to decentralized and participatory models involving educators, content creators, and online communities. However, this transformation introduces challenges, as fragmentation emerges through segmented short-form content, potentially leading to oversimplification of complex teachings. This study contributes by providing a conceptual analysis of how digital platforms reshape the structure, authority, and educational value of PAI materials. Strengthening digital and religious literacy is therefore essential to maintain pedagogical integrity in the digital era.