The Relationship between God and Man According to Abdurrauf Singkel's Philosophy of Existence: Integration of Sufism and Islamic Jurisprudence in Resolving the Wujudiyah Polemic in Aceh

This article examines the relationship between God and man in Abdurrauf Singkel's philosophy of being and the model of integration of Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence that he formulated in response to the Wujudiyah polemic in Aceh in the 17th century. The debate between supporters of Wahdat al-Wujud on the one hand and groups of scholars who rejected it on the other has given rise to socio-religious polarization that requires the formulation of moderate thought. Abdurrauf Singkel, a prominent Sufi scholar with extensive mastery of Islamic sciences, introduced an integrative paradigm for resolving the religious controversies that emerged during his era.This study aims to analyze the ontological construction of the relationship between God and humanity in Abdurrauf Singkel's thought and explain how the integration of Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence becomes the basis for resolving religious conflicts. The study uses a qualitative method with an Islamic philosophical approach and a literature study of Abdurrauf Singkel's main works, especially Kifāyat al-Muḥtājīn ilā Mashrab al-Muwaḥḥidīn al-Qāʾilīn bi Waḥdat al-Wujūd, and is supported by relevant primary and secondary literature. The analysis is conducted through a philosophical and historical approach to reconstruct the metaphysical framework of being and the intellectual context of his thought. The results of the study indicate that Abdurrauf Singkel's concept of existence does not lead to pantheism or ontological unification between God and humans, but rather emphasizes the essential difference between the Creator and creatures. This is emphasized through key concepts of Sufism such as the Seven Dignities (Martabat Tujuh), Tajalli, Tanzih, Tasybih, Nur Muhammad, and A'yan Tsabitah within the framework of monotheism (Tawhid). The integration of Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence that he formulated presents a model of religiosity that balances spiritual experience with adherence to sharia, thus being able to reduce extreme attitudes in thought, especially in facing the discourse of Wujudiyah. These findings indicate that Abdurrauf Singkel's philosophy of existence is an epistemological synthesis that contributes to the development of Islamic thought, especially in maintaining the harmony of the three dimensions of Islam: faith (Aqidah), sharia, and Sufism (tasawwuf).

Keywords: Abdurrauf Singkel; philosophy of being; relationship between God and man; Wujudiyah; Sufism; Islamic jurisprudence.