Patronase Panoptik: Hirarkhi Spiritual dan Kuasa Mursyid dalam Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah

The study of the panopticon in social life has always been associated with power in the discipline of the body. In many writings, scholars use this theory to see how power relations affect the disciplinary process. On the other hand, the study of the tarekat is associated with internal discipline efforts for its congregation. This article will discuss the leadership structure in the Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah congregation in Aceh. In this relation, the leadership in the tarekat has two dimensions at once, the dimension of the power relation between the Mursyid and the congregation, on the other hand, it has an inner-discipline process through riyadah. This article focuses on the relationships that have been built within the Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah congregation in Aceh. This tarekat has strong roots in Shaykh Muda Waly al-Khalidi who came from Labuhanhaji, South Aceh Regency. In the process, this tarekat has developed a variety of leadership that adapts to changing times. This article shows that the leadership hierarchy of the Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah tarekat in Aceh is a panoptic patronage where the relationships that exist are not just ordinary organizational relations, but have a spiritual meaning.