Al-Muḥassināt al-Lafẓiyyah fī al-Qaṣīdah Faraḥtī…! li-Ibrāhīm Ṭūqān (Dirāsah Balāghiyyah)

This research investigates the intricate application of verbal embellishments (al-muhassinat al-lafzhiyyah) within the poem "Farhati...!" authored by the renowned Palestinian poet, Ibrahim Tuqan. The study of Arabic rhetoric, specifically ilmu badi’, remains a fundamental pillar in understanding the aesthetic and communicative depth of classical and modern Arabic literature. Ibrahim Tuqan is widely celebrated for his nationalist and patriotic verses; however, the formal linguistic beauty of his more personal and celebratory poems, such as "Farhati...!", has often been overlooked in contemporary academic discourse. A few researchers have focused on the political symbolism in Tuqan’s works, but there have been limited studies concerned specifically with the systematic identification and functional explanation of rhetorical devices in this specific poem. Therefore, this research intends to fill this academic gap by conducting a detailed rhetorical analysis (dirasah balaghiyyah). The primary objectives of this research are to identify the various types of verbal embellishments employed by the poet and to analyze how these linguistic features contribute to the overall emotional resonance and rhythmic harmony of the text. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing the framework of ilmu badi’ to categorize rhetorical elements. The analysis focuses on several key categories of al-muhassinat al-lafzhiyyah, including jinas (homonymy), saja’ (rhyming prose), and iqtibas (textual borrowing or quotation). The results of this study reveal that Tuqan strategically utilized verbal embellishments not merely for decorative purposes, but to reinforce the thematic joy and optimism inherent in the poem’s title. The harmonious blend of jinas and saja’ creates a melodic structure that aligns with the celebratory nature of the subject matter. This research concludes that Ibrahim Tuqan’s mastery of traditional rhetorical devices provides a bridge between classical Arabic stylistic norms and modern poetic expression. The findings are expected to offer significant contributions to the field of Arabic stylistics and provide a reference for future scholars interested in the intersection of traditional rhetoric and modern Palestinian poetry.