Artificial Intelligence in Isamic Fatwa : A Maqasid al-Syariah and Hadith Perspective

This article examines the position of artificial intelligence (AI) in the practice of Islamic fatwa through the perspectives of hadith and Maqasid al-Shariah. The study focuses on four main aspects: exploring the concept and characteristics of AI, understanding the implications of Islamic ethics for AI regulation, analyzing prophetic traditions related to the authority and ethics of issuing fatwas, and evaluating the use of AI in fatwa practices based on the framework of Maqasid al-Shariah. This study employs a qualitative library research approach by examining authoritative hadith collections, classical works of usul alfiqh, and contemporary literature on technology and Islamic law. The findings indicate that AI functions as an instrumental computational system operating through data and algorithms, yet it lacks intentionality, moral consciousness, and legal responsibility in Islamic law. The hadith analysis confirms that the authority to issue fatwas in Islamic jurisprudence remains exclusively vested in qualified scholars who fulfill the requirements of knowledge, competence, and moral integrity. From the perspective of Maqasid alShariah, AI may be justified as a supporting instrument (wasilah), particularly in evidence retrieval, data processing, and the mapping of scholarly opinions, provided that final legal judgment remains under the authority of the mufti. Therefore, AI should not function as an independent issuer of fatwas but rather as an auxiliary tool guided by prudence, Islamic ethical principles, and the higher objectives of Sharia.